早产儿早发型败血症的诊断与抗生素使用建议：湖南省新生儿科专家共识

Recommendations on the diagnosis and the use of antibiotics for early-onset sepsis in preterm infant: consensus of the expert panel from Hunan Province

摘要:

早产儿是新生儿早发型败血症（EOS）的高危人群。EOS临床表现和实验室检查缺乏特异性，易导致抗生素使用不合理或使用时间过长，进而引起耐药菌株产生，使早产儿病死率和不良预后的发生风险明显升高，严重影响早产儿的远期预后。湖南省新生儿科专家根据该省的实际情况，参考国内外近年来早产儿EOS最新的诊疗进展，经多次讨论达成此共识。该共识重点介绍了早产儿EOS高危因素的识别、诊断和抗生素治疗，特别强调了血培养和临床表现是早产儿EOS诊断及抗生素使用疗程的主要依据。

Abstract:

Preterm infants are at higher risk of developing early-onset sepsis (EOS). Due to non-specific clinical manifestations and lack of laboratory tests for prompt diagnosis of EOS, inappropriate use of antibiotics is common in preterm infants. Prolonged exposure to antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance and significantly increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. Based on the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment for EOS, both in China and overseas, and considering the current condition in Hunan Province, the expert panel of neonatologists in Hunan have reached this consensus after many discussions. This consensus clarifies the risk factors, proposes the diagnostic criteria, and recommends the antibiotic use strategies for EOS in preterm infants. It is emphasized that blood culture results and clinical manifestations are the main basis for the diagnosis of EOS and the duration of antibiotics use in preterm infants.