HLA不全相合无关供者或单倍体外周血干细胞移植治疗X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症

Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from HLA-mismatched unrelated donor or haploidentical donor for the treatment of X-linked agammaglobulinemia

摘要:

异基因造血干细胞移植是目前可治愈X连锁无丙种球蛋白血症（XLA）的唯一方法。该研究病例1为4岁男性患儿，行HLA不全相合无关供者外周血干细胞移植；病例2为儿童期起病的24岁男性患者，合并原发皮肤肢端CD8⁺T细胞淋巴瘤，行单倍体外周血干细胞移植。两者均采用减低毒性的清髓性预处理方案，并用后置环磷酰胺、兔抗人胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白、甲氨蝶呤和环孢素预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）。病例1+11?d（移植后为“+”）中性粒细胞及血小板均植入，+90?d供者嵌合下降，经供者淋巴细胞输注后于+150?d恢复。病例2移植后+20?d中性粒细胞植入，+87?d血小板植入，+30?d为完全供者嵌合。两患者的相关指标（IgG、IgM、IgA和外周血中CD19⁺B细胞比例）分别于移植后2个月内、1年余恢复正常。两患者均未发生急性GVHD，病例1供者淋巴细胞输注后出现局限性慢性皮肤GVHD，经治疗后好转。该研究首次报道采用HLA不全相合无关供者或单倍体外周血干细胞移植联合后置环磷酰胺方案，配合改进的预处理方案成功治疗2例XLA患者，为供者的选择提供了新的途径。

Abstract:

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) is currently the only curative option for patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). In this study, patient 1 aged 4 years who underwent allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) from HLA-mismatched unrelated donor; patient 2 aged 24 years (childhood onset) with primary cutaneous acral CD8⁺ T cell lymphoma who underwent allo-PBSCT from haploidentical relative donor. Both were treated by reduced toxicity myeloablative conditioning with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), methotrexate (MTX) and cyclosporine (CsA) for graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. In patient 1, neutrophil and platelet engraftment were observed on day 11 post-transplantation; the donor chimerism dropped on day 90 post-transplantation, and recovered on day 150 with donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). In patient 2, neutrophil and platelet engraftment were observed on days 20 and 87 post-transplantation respectively, with complete donor chimerism on day 30 post-transplantation. The serum levels of IgG, IgM and IgA and the percentage of CD19⁺ B cells in peripheral blood of patients 1 and 2 returned to normal within 2 months and more than 1 year after transplantation respectively. There was no evidence of acute GVHD for the two patients. Patient 1 developed a limited type of skin chronic GVHD after DLI, which disappeared after anti-GVHD treatment. This is the first report of successful treatment for two XLA patients using PTCy with allo-PBSCT from HLA-mismatched unrelated donor or haploidentical donor, combining with improved conditioning, which expands the pool of eligible donors for patients with XLA.