撤机前加用一剂维持量咖啡因在早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用价值：前瞻性随机对照试验

Clinical effect of an additional maintenance dose of caffeine before ventilator weaning in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled trial

摘要:

目的 探讨≤ 32周呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS）伴有创机械通气的早产儿，在撤机前1 h加用1剂维持量（5 mg/kg）枸橼酸咖啡因注射液对提高撤机成功率的效果。方法 将2017年1月至2019年12月厦门市妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）收治的338例≤ 32周并给予有创机械通气的RDS早产儿随机分为观察组（n=169）和常规组（n=169）。两组患儿均给予早期咖啡因常规治疗，观察组在撤机前1 h加用1剂维持量咖啡因。比较两组撤机后48 h的再插管率、呼吸暂停的发作次数；撤机后2 h的血气分析及血糖、心率、平均血压的变化，以及住院期间主要并发症的发生率。结果 观察组撤机后48 h内再次插管率较常规组明显降低（P=0.034），呼吸暂停发作次数（≥ 2次/d）较常规组明显减少（P=0.015）。撤机后2 h，观察组动脉血气分析pH值较常规组升高，PaCO₂较常规组降低（P < 0.05）；两组患儿PaO₂、血糖、心率、平均血压比较，差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。观察组住院期间颅内出血发生率低于常规组（P=0.048）；两组患儿支气管肺发育不良、坏死性小肠结肠炎、脑白质损伤、早产儿视网膜病发生率及病死率比较，差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 撤机前1 h加用1剂维持量的枸橼酸咖啡因能安全有效地提高早产儿RDS的撤机成功率，值得临床推广应用。

Abstract:

Objective To study the clinical effect of an additional maintenance dose (5 mg/kg) of caffeine citrate injection at 1 hour before ventilator weaning in improving the success rate of ventilator weaning in preterm infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on mechanical ventilation. Methods A total of 338 preterm infants with RDS (gestational age of ≤32 weeks) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and treated with mechanical ventilation were enrolled. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a routine group, with 169 infants in each group. Both groups received early routine treatment with caffeine. The infants in the observation group received an additional maintenance dose of caffeine citrate injection at 1 hour before ventilator weaning. The two groups were compared in terms of reintubation rate and number of apnea episodes within 48 hours after ventilator weaning, changes in blood gas parameters, blood glucose, heart rate, and mean blood pressure at 2 hours after ventilator weaning, and incidence rates of major complications during hospitalization. Results Compared with the routine group, the observation group had significantly lower reintubation rate (P=0.034) and number of apnea episodes (≥2 times/day) (P=0.015) within 48 hours after ventilator weaning. Compared with the routine group at 2 hours after ventilator weaning, the observation group had a significantly higher pH value and a significantly lower arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences between the two groups in arterial partial pressure of oxygen, blood glucose, heart rate, and mean blood pressure (P > 0.05). During hospitalization, the observation group had a significantly lower incidence rate of intraventricular hemorrhage than the routine group (P=0.048), but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, and periventricular leukomalacia and mortality rate (P > 0.05). Conclusions An additional maintenance dose of caffeine citrate injection at 1 hour before ventilator weaning is safe and effective in improving the success rate of ventilator weaning in preterm infants with RDS and thus holds promise for clinical application.