胎龄<32周且出生体重<1 500 g早产儿支气管肺发育不良的发生及其严重程度的影响因素

Influencing factors for the development and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g

摘要:

目的 探讨胎龄<32周且出生体重<1 500 g早产儿支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD）的发生及其严重程度的影响因素。 方法 回顾性收集厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院2017年1月—2021年12月收治的胎龄<32周且出生体重<1 500 g早产儿的临床资料。根据生后28 d是否用氧分为BPD组（n=218）和无BPD组（n=142）。根据BPD患儿纠正胎龄36周或出院时需氧浓度评估疾病严重程度，分为轻度BPD组（n=154）和中度/重度BPD组（n=64）。比较组间的围生期资料、营养状况等指标的差异，并采用多因素logistic回归分析探讨BPD的发生及其病情程度的影响因素。 结果 胎龄越小，出生体重越轻，BPD发生率及严重程度越高（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示有创机械通气时间长、有血流动力学改变的动脉导管未闭、口服热卡达110 kcal/(kg·d)的日龄长是BPD发生的危险因素（分别OR=1.320、2.032、1.041，均P<0.05），胎龄较大是BPD发生的保护因素（OR=0.535，P<0.05）。早发型败血症、口服热卡达110 kcal/(kg·d)的日龄长是中度/重度BPD的危险因素（分别OR=2.524、1.029，均P<0.05），平均体重增长速率较快是中度/重度BPD的保护因素（OR=0.906，P<0.05）。 结论 减少有创机械通气持续时间，早期积极治疗早发型败血症和有血流动力学改变的动脉导管未闭，采取积极肠内营养策略和提高平均体重增长速率，可减少胎龄<32周且出生体重<1 500 g早产儿BPD的发生和降低其严重程度。

Abstract:

Objective To study the influencing factors for the development and severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g who were admitted to Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. According to oxygen dependence on day 28 after birth, they were divided into two groups: BPD (n=218) and non-BPD (n=142). According to disease severity based on oxygen concentration required at the corrected age of 36 weeks or at discharge, the infants with BPD were divided into two groups: mild BPD (n=154) and moderate/severe BPD (n=64). Indices such as perinatal data and nutritional status were compared between groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors for BPD and its severity. Results The incidence rate and severity of BPD increased with the reduction in gestational age and birth weight (P<0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a long duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (OR=1.320, P<0.05), hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (OR=2.032, P<0.05), and a prolonged time to reach oral calorie goal of 110 kcal/(kg·d) (OR=1.041, P<0.05) were risk factors for BPD, while an older gestational age was a protective factor against BPD (OR=0.535, P<0.05). Early-onset sepsis (OR=2.524, P<0.05) and a prolonged time to reach oral calorie goal of 110 kcal/(kg·d) (OR=1.029, P<0.05) were risk factors for moderate/severe BPD, while a high mean weight growth velocity was a protective factor against moderate/severe BPD (OR=0.906, P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence rate and severity of BPD in preterm infants with a gestational age of <32 weeks and a birth weight of <1 500 g can be reduced by shortening the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, giving early treatment of early-onset sepsis and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, adopting active enteral nutritional strategies, and increasing mean weight growth velocity.