西藏昌都地区96例儿童急性腹泻病毒分子流行病学分析

Molecular epidemiological characteristics of the virus in 96 children with acute diarrhea in Changdu of Tibet,China

摘要:

目的 了解西藏昌都地区儿童急性腹泻病毒分子流行病学特征。 方法 收集2018年11月至2020年11月于西藏昌都市人民医院就诊的96例急性腹泻患儿的粪便标本，检测腺病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒、札如病毒、轮状病毒，并测序分析其基因型别。 结果 腺病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒、札如病毒、轮状病毒5种病毒总阳性率为39%（37/96），其中星状病毒阳性率最高（16例，17%），诺如病毒次之（9例，9%），轮状病毒、腺病毒、札如病毒阳性率分别为8%（8例）、7%（7例）、5%（5例）。这5种病毒在不同年龄组的阳性率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。不同季节间仅星状病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。腺病毒中F41型6例，C2型1例；诺如病毒GⅠ.3 6例，GⅠ.7 1例，GⅡ.3 1例，GⅡ.4 Sydney_2012型2例；星状病毒均为HAstrV-1型；札如病毒散发GⅠ.2 1例，GⅠ.6 1例，GⅡ.1 1例，2例未知分型；轮状病毒G9［P8］6例。 结论 星状病毒和诺如病毒是西藏昌都地区急性腹泻儿童的重要病原体。腺病毒、诺如病毒、星状病毒、札如病毒、轮状病毒阳性率均与年龄无关，仅星状病毒阳性率有明显季节性；腺病毒的基因型别以F41型为优势株，诺如病毒优势株为GⅠ.3，星状病毒优势株为HAstrV-1，札如病毒散发GⅠ.2、GⅠ.6、GⅡ.1，轮状病毒优势株为G9［P8］。

Abstract:

Objective To study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the virus in children with acute viral diarrhea in Changdu of Tibet, China. Methods Fecal specimens were collected from 96 children with acute diarrhea who visited the People's Hospital of Changdu, Tibet, from November 2018 to November 2020 and were tested for adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus. Gene sequencing was performed for the genotypes of these viruses. Results The overall positive rate of the five viruses was 39% (37/96), among which astrovirus had the highest positive rate of 17%, followed by norovirus (9%), rotavirus (8%), adenovirus (7%), and sapovirus (5%). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of the five viruses among different age groups (P>0.05). Only the positive rate of astrovirus was significantly different among the four seasons (P<0.05). For adenovirus, 6 children had F41 type and 1 had C2 type; for norovirus, 6 had GⅠ.3 type, 1 had GⅠ.7 type, 1 had GⅡ.3 type, and 2 had GⅡ.4 Sydney_2012 type; HAstrV-1 type was observed in all children with astrovirus infection; for sapovirus, 1 child each had sporadic GⅠ.2, GⅠ.6, and GⅡ.1 sapovirus and 2 children had unknown type; 6 children had rotavirus G9[P8]. Conclusions Astrovirus and norovirus are important pathogens in children with acute diarrhea in Changdu, Tibet. The positive rate of adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus is not associated with age, and only the positive rate of astrovirus has obvious seasonality. F41 type is the dominant genotype of adenovirus; GⅠ.3 is the dominant genotype of norovirus; HAstrV-1 is the dominant genotype of astrovirus; sporadic GⅠ.2, GⅠ.6, and GⅡ.1 are the dominant genotypes of sapovirus; G9[P8] is the dominant genotype of rotavirus.