新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对极低出生体重儿亲母母乳喂养的影响

Influence of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on maternal breastfeeding for very low birth weight infants

摘要:

目的 分析新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间住院的极低出生体重儿（very low birth weight infants，VLBWI）亲母母乳喂养率和喂养量的特征变化。 方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年12月出生并收治于南京市妇幼保健院新生儿重症监护病房的胎龄<32周VLBWI的临床资料，比较并分析疫情期间VLBWI亲母母乳喂养率和喂养量的变化。 结果 共纳入301名VLBWI，根据疫情暴发时间分为疫情前组（n=205）和疫情后组（n=96），疫情后组VLBWI在生后0~28 d及住院期间亲母母乳喂养率均低于疫情前组（P<0.05）。疫情后组VLBWI在生后0~7 d、0~14 d、0~28 d内的亲母母乳喂养量均低于疫情前组（P<0.05）；疫情后组VLBWI中-重度支气管肺发育不良和喂养不耐受的发生率高于疫情前组（P<0.05）。 结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对VLBWI的亲母母乳喂养有明显的影响，VLBWI生后28 d内的亲母母乳喂养率和喂养量明显下降，在整个住院期间亲母母乳喂养率也有明显下降。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the changes in the rate and volume of mother's own milk (MOM) feeding for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) hospitalized during the prevention and control of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of the VLBWIs with a gestational age of <32 weeks who were born and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. The changes in the rate and volume of MOM feeding for VLBWIs during hospitalization were examined. Results A total of 301 VLBWIs were enrolled. According to the timing of COVID-19 outbreak, these infants were divided into a pre-CIVID-19 group with 205 VLBWIs and a post-COVID-19 group with 96 VLBWIs. Compared with the pre-CIVID-19 group, the post-COVID-19 group had a significantly lower rate of MOM feeding within 28 days after birth and during hospitalization (P<0.05), a significantly lower volume of MOM feeding within 0-7 days, 0-14 days, and 0-28 days after birth (P<0.05), and significantly higher incidence rates of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and feeding intolerance (P<0.05). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on MOM feeding for VLBWIs, and there are significant reductions in the rate and volume of MOM feeding for VLBWIs within 28 days after birth, as well as a significant reduction in the rate of MOM feeding during hospitalization.