江苏省儿童生长发育状况及其影响因素——基于0~6岁儿童家庭的横断面研究

Growth and development of children and related influencing factors: a cross-sectional study of the families with children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province

摘要:

目的 探讨江苏省0~6岁儿童的生长发育状况及家庭因素对儿童生长发育的影响。 方法 采用分层随机抽样方法，抽取江苏省2 004个0~6岁儿童家庭，对儿童的主要照护人进行营养知、信、行问卷调查，采用儿童体格指标Z评分方法评价儿童营养状况，并通过有序多分类logistic回归模型分析儿童营养状况的影响因素。 结果 发放问卷2 290份，收回有效问卷2 004份，问卷回收率为87.51%。儿童平均年龄为（28±14）个月；男孩1 105例（55.14%），女孩899例（44.86%）。照护人看护主要以父母看护为主（1 867例，93.16%），1 466例（73.15%）照护人的受教育水平为大学/大专学历，家庭年收入集中在5~<10万元/年和10~<20万元/年，分别占32.88%和34.23%。Z评分结果显示，男孩和女孩生长迟缓率分别为1.45%（16/1 105）和1.78%（16/899），体重过轻率分别为0.54%（6/1 105）和0.67%（6/899），消瘦率分别为1.36（15/1 105）和2.00%（18/899），肥胖率分别为8.78%（97/1 105）和10.12%（91/899）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，家庭年收入较高和照护人营养知识水平较高有利于儿童生长发育（P<0.05）。 结论 江苏省0~6岁儿童的生长发育总体较好，但肥胖率相对较高，要重视对儿童肥胖的监测。家庭经济状况和和照护人营养知识水平对儿童生长发育有显著影响。 引

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the growth and development of children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province of China and the effects of family factors on the children's growth and development. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 004 families with children aged 0-6 years of Jiangsu Province. A questionnaire survey on nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior was performed for the main caregivers. The Z-score method was used to evaluate nutritional status. The ordinal polytomous logistic regression analysis model was used to investigate the influencing factors for nutritional status. Results A total of 2 290 questionnaires were distributed, among which 2 004 valid questionnaires were collected (87.51%). The mean age of the children was (28±14) months, and there were 1 105 boys (55.14%) and 899 girls (44.86%). The primary caregivers were mostly parents (1 867 families, 93.16%), and the caregivers of 1 466 families (73.15%) had a university/college degree. Most families had an annual income of 50 000-100 000 yuan/year or 100 000-200 000 yuan/year, accounting for 32.88% and 34.23%, respectively. The results of Z-score showed the growth retardation rates of 1.45% (16/1 105) in boys and 1.78% (16/899) in girls, the underweight rates of 0.54% (6/1 105) in boys and 0.67% (6/899) in girls, the emaciation rates of 1.36% (15/1 105) in boys and 2.00% (18/899) in girls, and the obesity rates of 8.78% (97/1 105) in boys and 10.12% (91/899) in girls, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a higher annual family income and a higher nutrition knowledge level of caregiver were beneficial to the growth and development of children (P<0.05). Conclusions Children aged 0-6 years in Jiangsu Province have a good status of growth and development but a relatively high obesity rate, and therefore, the monitoring of obesity should be taken seriously. Family economic status and the level of nutritional knowledge of caregivers have a significant impact on children's growth and development.