吉林省婴幼儿睡眠现状及睡眠问题影响因素的横断面研究

Cross-sectional study on the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province

摘要:

目的 了解吉林省婴幼儿睡眠状况及睡眠问题发生的危险因素。方法 选取吉林省8个地级市和1个自治州的1 080例0~3岁的健康婴幼儿作为研究对象。采用自制调查问卷收集研究对象的一般资料，采用简明婴幼儿睡眠问卷了解婴幼儿睡眠情况，并应用多因素logistic回归分析探讨睡眠问题发生的危险因素。结果 婴幼儿睡眠问题的总检出率为38.24%（413/1 080）。4~11月龄、12~24月龄、25~36月龄组睡眠总时长均高于推荐睡眠总时长（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示，足月出生、主要监护人文化程度较高、白天活动强度较大是婴幼儿睡眠问题的保护因素（P<0.05），而服用维生素D频次较低、夜间喂养频繁和母亲打鼾是睡眠问题发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 吉林省4月龄以上婴幼儿睡眠总时长均高于推荐睡眠总时长，但睡眠问题发生率较高。睡眠问题的发生与多种因素有关；加强对早产儿的随访，对主要监护人进行婴幼儿睡眠知识宣教，坚持规律地补充维生素D，有利于减少婴幼儿睡眠问题的发生。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the sleep status and risk factors for sleep problems in infants and young children in Jilin Province.Methods A total of 1 080 healthy infants and young children aged 0-3 years from eight prefecture-level cities and one autonomous prefecture in Jilin Province were selected as subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the general information of the subjects, and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire was used to understand the sleep status of the subjects. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for sleep problems.Results The total detection rate of sleep problems in the infants and young children was 38.24% (413/1 080). The total sleep time in the 4-11 month, 12-24 month, and 25-36 month age groups was higher than the recommended total sleep time (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that full-term birth, higher educational level of the main caregiver, and higher daytime activity intensity were protective factors for sleep problems in the infants and young children (P<0.05), while lower frequency of vitamin D supplementation, frequent night feeding, and maternal snoring were risk factors for sleep problems (P<0.05).Conclusions The total sleep time of infants and young children over 4 months old in Jilin Province is higher than the recommended total sleep time, but the prevalence rate of sleep problems is higher. The occurrence of sleep problems is related to various factors. Strengthening follow-up on preterm infants, providing education on infant sleep knowledge to primary caregivers, and regularly supplementing with vitamin D can be beneficial in reducing sleep problems in infants and young children.