新生儿B族链球菌感染流行病学和预防策略近十年来的研究进展

Recent research on the epidemiology and preventive strategies of neonatal group B Streptococcus infection in the latest decade

摘要:

孕妇筛查结合产时抗生素预防是目前预防新生儿B族链球菌（group B Streptococcus，GBS）感染的主要策略，推广使用这一策略有效降低了新生儿GBS早发型疾病的发病率，但GBS感染的疾病负担仍很严重。产时抗生素预防策略存在引起抗生素耐药性、不能有效预防GBS晚发型疾病等局限，研发和评估其他预防策略至关重要，同时还需要密切关注如何评估孕妇青霉素过敏，以及母亲GBS筛查阴性的新生儿GBS感染的预防等问题。近年来，GBS疫苗及其免疫学相关研究取得了一些进展，应用特异性疫苗有望进一步减少新生儿GBS感染。

Abstract:

Currently, the main strategy for preventing neonatal group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection is prenatal screening combined with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, which has effectively reduced the incidence of neonatal GBS early-onset disease. However, the burden of GBS infection is still significant. The intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis strategy has limitations such as inducing antibiotic resistance and inability to effectively prevent GBS late-onset disease. It is crucial to develop and evaluate other prevention strategies, while paying close attention to assessing penicillin allergy in pregnant women and how to prevent GBS infection in neonates with negative maternal GBS screening. In recent years, there has been some progress in GBS vaccines and related immunological research, and the use of specific vaccines is expected to significantly reduce GBS infection in neonates.